ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN STATUS PEMANFAATAN LOBSTER BAMBU (Panulirus versicolor) DI PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN ARU, MALUKU
Abstract
Lobster adalah komoditas bernilai tinggi yang di perdagangkan hingga ke mancanegara, bahkan dalam kondisi puerulus. Tingginya permintaan ini memacu peningkatan pemanfaatan sehingga diperlukan upaya untuk menjaga kelestarian populasinya. Kajian ini membahas tentang aspek biologi dan status pemanfaatan yang diharapkan menjadi dasar dalam pengelolaan lobster bambu (Panulirus versicolor) sehingga kelestarian dapat berkelanjutan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2020, diperoleh sampel sebanyak 2.040 ekor melalui sentra pendaratan ikan di Dobo, Kepulauan Aru. Penghitungan parameter populasi dilakukan melalui analisis secara analitik. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kisaran panjang karapas antara 45-120 mm, sebanyak 40% diantaranya mempunyai ukuran kurang dari 80 mm. Panjang karapas pertama kali lobster tertangkap (CLc) adalah 85,4 mm dengan panjang asimptotiknya (CL∞) adalah 130,85 mm dan laju pertumbuhan (K) = 0,45 per tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan lobster sudah mencapai E=0,5, artinya sudah dalam status pemanfaatan penuh (fully exploited). Hal ini menyebabkan pemanfaatan lobster harus dilakukan dengan kehati-hatian dan perlu upaya dalam menjaga kelestariannya. Upaya-upaya yang dapat dilakukan mengendalikan penangkapan baik dari segi alat tangkap, waktu dan lokasi penangkapan. Upaya tersebut diharapkan akan memberikan kesempatan bagi lobster untuk mempertahankan kelestarian populasinya.
Lobster is a high-value commodity traded to foreign countries, even their puerile. As the high demand for lobsters increases their exploitation, special measures are imperative to preserve their populations. This study discussed the biological aspects and exploitation status, which are expected to be the basis for managing painted spiny lobster (Panulirus versicolor). Data collection was carried out from March to December 2020, which is 2,040 lobsters collected at the landing center at Dobo, Aru Islands. Analytical methods were used to analyze population parameters. The results showed that the carapace length of lobsters landed was between 45–120 mm, where 40% of them were under 80 mm. Their size at first capture (CLc) was 85.4 mmCL, with asymptotic length (CL∞) was 130.85 mmCL and growth rate (K) was 0.45 per year. Their exploitation rate was E was 0.5 (fully exploited exploitation). Therefore, its exploitation has to be carried out with caution, and special measures are required to maintain its sustainability, i.e., by controlling lobster fishing efforts, including fishing gear, time, and location. Such actions are expected to allow lobsters to preserve the sustainability of their populations.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.13.2.2021.85-96
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