ASPEK REPRODUKSI IKAN LOUHAN HIBRID SEBAGAI IKAN ASING INVASIF DI DANAU MATANO, SULAWESI SELATAN
Abstract
Penelitian mengenai aspek reproduksi ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano dibutuhkan dalam upaya pengendalian dan pemberantasan populasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek reproduksi ikan louhan yang diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk pengendalian ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan menggunakan jaring insang percobaan dengan berbagai ukuran mata jaring pada Mei dan Oktober 2015 serta pada Februari, Juli, dan September 2016 di 14 stasiun penelitian. Penentuan jenis kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) berdasarkan ciri reproduksi primernya. Fekunditas total dihitung menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Ikan louhan yang tertangkap sebanyak 1.118 ekor terdiri atas 552 ekor ikan jantan, 512 ekor ikan betina, dan 54 ekor tidak dapat ditentukan jenis kelaminnya. Nisbah kelamin secara temporal berada pada kondisi seimbang dengan perbandingan total sebesar 1,1:1. Ikan louhan jantan dan betina mencapai rata-rata ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm50) masing-masing pada panjang total 12,6 cm dan 10,2 cm. Ikan jantan berukuran lebih besar daripada betina pada TKG yang sama. Diameter telur berkisar antara 0,25-2,35 mm (rerata 1,31±0,37 mm) dengan fekunditas berkisar antara 104-3.375 butir. Ikan louhan termasuk tipe pemijah bertahap dan mampu memijah sepanjang tahun di berbagai tipe karakteristik habitat. Puncak pemijahan terjadi pada musim penghujan dan kemarau. Substrat dasar berupa pasir berbatu di kedalaman 15 meter merupakan daerah utama pemijahan ikan louhan di Danau Matano. Rekomendasi pengendalian ikan louhan di Danau Matano melalui penangkapan perlu dilakukan sebelum mencapai ukuran Lm50, di seluruh daerah litoral danau (<10 meter) pada musim kemarau (April-Juni) dan penghujan (September-November).
The information on fish reproduction aspects of invasive alien species in Matano Lake is required to setup measure for controlling and eradicating their population. This research aims to determine the reproductive aspects of flowerhorn cichlid that could used as a reference for controlling the invasive alien species in the Matano Lake, South Sulawesi. Sample was collected by using experimental gill-net with various mesh sizes in 14 research stations in several periods (May 2015, October 2015, February 2016, July 2016, and September 2016). Sex determination and gonadal stages identified based on the characteristics of primary reproduction. Total fecundity is calculated using gravimetric method. The total individual flowerhorn cichlid was 1,118 fishes that consists of 552 males, 512 females, and 54 unidentified. The temporary sex ratio indicated balance conditions by ratio 1.1:1. Length at first maturity (Lm50) of male and female of flowerhorn cichlid reached at 12.6 cmTL and 10.2 cmTL, respectively. Males are larger than females at the same gonad maturity stage. The eggs diameter ranged from 0.25 to 2.35 mm (average of 1.31 ± 0.37 mm) with fecundity ranged from 104-3,375 egg which indicated that flowerhorn cichlid was a partial spawner. Flowerhorn cichlid spawned throughout the year (multi spawning) in various types of habitat characteristics with spawning peaks in the rainy and dry seasons. Sandy rock in the depth of 15 meters is the main of spawning area of flowerhorn cichlid in the Matano Lake. The recommendation for controlling flowerhorn cichlid in Matano Lake by fishing, need to be done before its size reaching the Lm50, across the littoral area of the lake (<10 meters) in the dry (April-June) and rainy seasons (September-November).
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/bawal.10.2.2018.69-82
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